Diabetes, Symptoms and Care (Pancreas disorder)

Diabetes, Symptoms and Care

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Diabetes (Diabetes mellitus)

Diabetes is a disorder which may cause due to pancreas damages or not proper working of body cells with pancreas working .

Pancreas

• The Pancreas lies below the stomach in a part of duodenum.
• It is heterocrine gland i.e. dual gland posses exocrine as well as endocrine.
• Endocrine part of pancreas consist of a group of cells called Islets of Langerhan's present in between the acini of exocrine part of body.
• Islets of Langerhan's consist of three types of cells such as;

1. Alpha cells : Secrete glucagon.

   

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2. Beta cells : Secrete insulin.
3. Delta cells : Secrete somatiostatin   

• Diabetes mellitus cause due to deficiency of insulin i.e.Increase in blood sugar level (Hyperglycemia).

Role of Insulin :

• Insulin is a hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets.
• It is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body.
• It regulates the metabolism of the body and it enables the liver and muscles  to store glucose in the form of glycogen and enable the tissue to take up & use glucose as a source of energy.
• When the glucose level is high, the beta cells secrete insulin into the blood.When the glucose level is low,secretion of insulin is inhibited.
• Beta cells are sensitive to glucose concentrations,also known as 'Blood sugar levels'.

Diabetes mellitus

The most common endocrine disorder of the pancreas is diabetes mellitus.It is a group of disorder that lead to an increase in glucose level in the blood.This is due to failure of beta cells in islets of langerhan's to produce adequate amount of insulin.In India near about 62 million peoples suffers with diabetes disorder.The excess glucose eliminated through urine called a Glycosuria (normal range of blood sugar is about 100 mg per 100 ml of blood). 

Blood Sugar Level :

Fasting sugar level

Normal for person without diabetes = 70-100 mg/dl

For Diabetes person  = 80-130 mg/dl

After meal sugar level

Normal for person without diabetes = Less than 130/140 mg/dl

For Diabetes person = less than 180 mg/dl

There are two types of diabetes such as ;

1. Type 1 (Diabetes): A chronic condition in which the pancreas produces very little or null amount of insulin (insulin dependent diabetes). Insulin is a hormone needed to allow sugar (glucose) to enter cells to produce energy.Type 1 form of diabetes is cause due to permanently damage to pancreas.The exact cause for this happen is unknown but it also cause due family history, and genetics.
2. Type 2 (Diabetes): It is a long term metabolic disorder that is characterized by(high blood sugar) or resistance to insulin by body cells or tissues(Non-insulin dependent diabetes).Type 2 diabetes make up about 90% of cases of diabetes.In that case the level of sugar(glucose) in cells is too high.Its a lifelong condition that can affects patients everyday life with severe manner.

   

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Symptoms of diabetes 

General Symptoms

Diabetes symptoms are caused by rising blood sugar in body.

• Increased thirst 
• Increased hunger
• Weight gain or loss
• frequent urination
• Blurry vision
• Fatigue
• Dry skin, urinary tract infection (In women)
• Erectile dysfunction (In men)
• Poor muscle strength etc .

Type 1 diabetes

Symptoms of type 1 diabetes can include;

• Increased thirst
• Increased hunger
• Blurry vision
• Weight loss
• Nausea
• Tiredness 
• Mood changes etc.

Type 2 diabetes

Symptoms of type 1 diabetes can include;

• Poor wound healing
• Weight gain or loss
• Extreme hunger
• Extreme urination
• Sweating
• Vision problems 
• If type 2 diabetes untreated, then the high blood sugar level can affect various cells and organs in the body etc.

Type 2 diabetes severe disorders

If type 2 diabetes untreated, then the high blood sugar level can affect various cells and organs in the body such as;

• Cardiovascular disease (Heart attack & Heart disease)
• Nephropathy (kidney damage)
• Neuropathy (Damage to nerves)
• Ratinopathy (Damage to retina of eye)
• Vision loss
• Hearing loss
• Depression
• Foot damage etc.

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Heart Attack

Heart Attack 

In India from last 5 to 10 years the ratio or percentage of pre-age death rising continuously due to heart related issue like Cardio-vascular disease (CVD), Atherosclerosis (Cholesterol in the walls of blood vessels), Hypertension, Coronary thrombosis (Heart attack) and Cerebrovascular accident (Stroke) etc. According to survey basis in India their was 30 million patients whose suffers from heart related problems and due to Cardio-vascular disease 3 million peoples die every year. The death rise in India by 35% due to heart attack and stroke problems. If we don't taking preventive action against this in future time means in 2020 year the numerical values of deaths due to heart attack surpass the 3 million and this is really in abundant numbers to others country peoples compare.

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